Since our founding, Cupron has been committed to an active research program in both the laboratory and clinical settings. This commitment to research has deepened our understanding of not only the science behind our Technology but also the breadth of applications of Cupron Technology to enhance healthier living for everyone. To date our research program has directly resulted in the publication of over 20 scientific articles. And this commitment to research remains active today.
In addition to research that supports Cupron Technology specifically, there is compelling public domain validation of copper’s multiple benefits.
Below is the current bibliography of both the published research supporting Cupron technology and the additional research regarding the multiple uses of Copper in general.
Additional information including the individual studies is available upon a qualified request. Click here to contact us.
Cupron`s Published Research Regarding Cupron Technology
Biocidal Effects of Cupron Technology
- Borkow, G., and Monk, A.B. (2012) Fighting nosocomial infections with biocidal non-intrusive hard and soft surfaces. World J Clin Infect Dis 2(4):77-90.
- Borkow, G., Okon-Levy, N., and Gabbay, J. (2010) Copper oxide impregnated wound dressing: biocidal and safety studies. Wounds 22: 301-310.
- Borkow G, Zhou SS, Page T, Gabbay J. (2010) A novel anti-influenza copper oxide containing respiratory face mask. PLoS One. 25;5(6):e11295.
- Borkow, G., Felix, A. and Gabbay, J. (2010) Copper impregnated antimicrobial textiles; an innovative and potent weapon to fight infection. In: Medical and healthcare textiles, Woodhead Textiles Series No. 75. Kennedy, J.F., Anand, S.C., Rajendran, S. Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
- Borkow G, Gabbay J. (2009) Copper, an ancient remedy returning to fight microbial, fungal and viral infections. Current Chemical Biology. 3 (3) September 2009 272-278.
- Zatcoff, R.C., Smith, M.S., and Borkow, G. (2008) Treatment of tinea pedis with socks containing copper impregnated fibers. The Foot. 18:136-141.
- Malnick, S., Bardenstein, R., Huszar, M., Gabbay, J., and Borkow, G. (2008) Pyjamas and sheets as a potential source of nosocomial pathogens. Journal of Hospital Infection 70(1): 89-92.
- Mumcuoglu, K.Y., Gabbay, J., and Borkow, G. (2008) Copper oxide impregnated fabrics for the control of house dust mites. International Journal of Pest Management. 54(3), 235- 240.
- Borkow, G., Lara, H.H., Covington, C.Y., Nyamathi, A., and Gabbay, J. (2008) Deactivation of HIV-1 in Medium by Copper-Oxide Containing Filters. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 52(2):518-525
- Gabbay J., and Borkow, G. (2008) Novel applications of copper oxide in medicine: from preventing infection to wound healing. In: Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine. Vol. 10. pp. 792-795. Collery Ph., Maymard, I., Theophanides, T., Khassanova, L., Collery, T. (Eds); Eurotext, Paris.
- Borkow, G., Sidwell, R.W., Smee, D.F., Barnard, D.L., Morrey, J.D., Lara-Villegas, H.H., Shemer-Avni, Y., and Gabbay, J. (2007) Neutralizing viruses by copper oxide based filters. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51(7): 2605-2607
- Borkow, G., Gabbay, J. (2007) Biocidal textiles can help fight nosocomial infections. Medical Hypotheses, 70, 990-994.
- Zatcoff, R.C. HealthStrides™ Socks-Footwear to a Higher Standard. Podiatry Management, November/December 2005, pages 202-203.
- Borkow, G., and Gabbay, J. (2005) Copper as a biocidal tool. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 12(18): 2163-2175 .
- Borkow, G., and Gabbay, J. (2004) Putting copper into action: copper impregnated products with potent biocidal activities. FASEB Journal. 18: 1728-1730.
Skin Enhancment and Wound Healing
- Gargiulo, M.E., Elías, A.C, Borkow G. (2012) Analysis of the effect of wearing copper oxide impregnated socks on tinea pedis based on “before and after” pictures – a statistical follow-up tool. The Open Biology Journal 5: 17-22.
- Ji Hwoon B., Mi Ae Y., Jae Sook K., and Borkow G. (2012) Reduction of facial wrinkles depth by sleeping on copper oxide containing pillowcases: a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel, randomized clinical study. Journal of Cosmetic Science 11:193-200.
- Borkow, G., Mellibovsky, J.C. (2012) Resolution of skin maladies of the trapped Chilean miners - the unplanned unground copper-impregnated anti-fungal socks “trial”. Archives of Dermatology 148(1):134-6.
- Borkow G, Gabbay J, Dardik R, Eidelman AI, Lavie Y, Grunfeld Y, Ikher S, Huszar M, Zatcoff RC, Marikovsky M. (2010) Molecular mechanisms of enhanced wound healing by copper oxide-impregnated dressings. Wound Repair Regen. Mar;18(2):266-75.5.
- Borkow G, Gabbay J, Lyakhovitsky A, Huszar M. (2009) Improvement of facial skin characteristics using copper oxide containing pillowcases: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, randomized study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 20.
- Borkow, G., Zatcoff, R.C., Gabbay, J. (2009) Reducing the risk of skin pathologies in diabetics by using copper impregnated socks. Medical Hypotheses, 73 883-886.
- Borkow, G., Gabbay, J. and Zatcoff, R. (2007) Could chronic wounds not heal due to too low local copper levels? Medical Hypotheses, 70(3): 610-613
Manufacturing
- Borkow, G., and Gabbay, J. (2006) Endowing textiles with permanent potent biocidal properties by impregnating them with copper oxide. Journal of Textile & Apparel, Technology & Management 5(1).
- Borkow, G., and Gabbay, J. (2006) An ancient solution for new biocidal nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoverns World 15(1):63-67.
- Gabbay, J., Mishal, J., Magen, E., Zatcoff, R., Shemer-Avni, Y., and Borkow, G. (2006) Copper oxide impregnated textiles with potent biocidal activities. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 35(4):323-335
Additional Published Research Supporting Copper
Biocidal Effects of Copper Products
- Borkow, G. (2012) Using copper to fight microorganisms. Current Chemical Biology 6(2): 93-103.
- Philips N, Samuel P, Parakandi H, Gopal S, Siomyk H, Ministro A, Thompson T, Borkow G. (2012) Beneficial Regulation of Fibrillar Collagens, Heat Shock Protein-47, Elastin Fiber Components, Transforming Growth Factor-β1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Oxidative Stress Effects by Copper in Dermal Fibroblasts. Connect Tissue Res. 53(5):373-378.
- Espírito Santo C, Lam EW, Elowsky CG, Quaranta D, Domaille DW, Chang CJ, Grass G. (2011 Feb) Bacterial killing by dry metallic copper surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol.77(3):794-802.
- Quaranta D, Krans T, Espírito Santo C, Elowsky CG, Domaille DW, Chang CJ, Grass G. (2011 Jan) Mechanisms of contact-mediated killing of yeast cells on dry metallic copper surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77(2):416-26.
- Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M. (2011 Mar) Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77(5):1541-7.
- Weaver L, Noyce JO, Michels HT, Keevil CW. (2010 Dec) Potential action of copper surfaces on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol.109(6):2200-5.
- Singh A, Krishna V, Angerhofer A, Do B, MacDonald G, Moudgil B. (2010 Oct) Copper coated silica nanoparticles for odor removal. Langmuir.19;26(20):15837-44.
- Warnes SL, Green SM, Michels HT, Keevil CW. (2010 Aug) Biocidal efficacy of copper alloys against pathogenic enterococci involves degradation of genomic and plasmid DNAs. Appl Environ Microbiol. 76 (16):5390-401.
- Mikolay A, Huggett S, Tikana L, Grass G, Braun J, Nies DH. (2010 Aug) Survival of bacteria on metallic copper surfaces in a hospital trial. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 87(5):1875-9.
- Sharan R, Chhibber S, Attri S, Reed RH.(2010 Jun) Inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effect of inorganic and organic constituents. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 98(1):103-15.
- Luna VA, Hall TJ, King DS, Cannons AC. (2010 May) Susceptibility of 169 USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates to two copper-based biocides, CuAL42 and CuWB50. J Antimicrob Chemother. 65(5):939-41.
- Mehtar S, Wiid I, Todorov SD. (2008) The antimicrobial activity of copper and copper alloys against nosocomial pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from healthcare facilities in the Western Cape: an in-vitro study. J Hosp Infect. Jan; 68(1):45-51.
- Weaver L, Michels HT, Keevil CW. (2008) Survival of Clostridium difficile on copper and steel: futuristic options for hospital hygiene. J Hosp Infect. Feb;68(2):145-51.
- H.M. Yates, L.A. Brook, I.B. Ditta, P. Evansa, H.A. Foster, D.W. Sheel, and A. Steele. (2008) Photo-induced self-cleaning and biocidal behaviour of titania and copper oxide multilayers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 197: 197-205.
- C. Espírito Santo,N. Taudte, D.H. Nies, and G. Grass. (2008) Contribution of Copper Ion Resistance to Survival of Escherichia coli on Metallic Copper Surfaces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74: 977-986.
- Nan L, Liu Y,Lü M, Yang K. (2008) Study on Antibacterial Mechanism of Copper-bearing Austenitic Antibacterial Stainless Steel by Atomic Force Microscopy J Mater Sci Mater Med. 19(9):3057-62.
- J. J. Harrison, R.J. Turner, D.A. Joo, M.A. Stan, C.S. Chan, N. Allan, H.A. Vrionis, M.E. Olson, and H. Ceri. (2008). Copper and Quaternary Ammonium Cations Exert Synergistic Bactericidal and Antibiofilm Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52: 2870-2881.
- Salam A. Ibrahim a,*, Hong Yang b, Chung W. Seo. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid and copper on growth of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in laboratory medium and carrot juice. Food Chemistry 109: 137-143.
- M. Horie, H. Ogawa, Y. Yoshida, K. Yamada, A. Hara, K. Ozawa, S. Matsuda, C. Mizota, M. Tani, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, K. Nakamura and K. Imai. (2008) Inactivation and morphological changes of avian influenza virus by copper ions. Arch Virol 153:1467-1472.
- Gant VA, Wren MW, Rollins MS, Jeanes A, Hickok SS, and Hall TJ. (2007) Three novel highly charged copper-based biocides: safety and efficacy against healthcare-associated organisms. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 60, 294-299.
- Noyce JO, Michels H, Keevil CW. (2007) Inactivation of influenza A virus on copper versus stainless steel surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 73:2748-50.
- Hofer, D. (2006) Antimicrobial textiles, skin-borne flora and odour. Curr.Probl.Dermatol. 33:67-77.
- Noyce JO, Michels H, Keevil CW. (2006) Potential use of copper surfaces to reduce survival of epidemic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the healthcare environment. J Hosp Infect.63:289-97.
- Noyce JO, Michels H, Keevil CW. (2006) Use of copper cast alloys to control Escherichia coli O157 cross-contamination during food processing. Appl Environ Microbiol. 72(6):4239-44.
- Cioffi, N., N. Ditaranto, L. Torsi, R. A. Picca, E. De Giglio, L. Sabbatini, L. Novello, G. Tantillo, T. Bleve-Zacheo, and P. G. Zambonin.( 2005) Synthesis, analytical characterization and bioactivity of Ag and Cu nanoparticles embedded in poly-vinyl-methyl-ketone films. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 382:1912-1918.
- E.A. Abou Neela, I. Ahmeda, J. Prattenb, S.N. Nazhata, J.C. Knowles. (2005) Characterisation of antibacterial copper releasing degradable phosphate glass fibres. Biomaterials 26: 2247-2254.
- Faundez, G., M. Troncoso, P. Navarrete, and G. Figueroa. (2004) Antimicrobial activity of copper surfaces against suspensions of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni. BMC.Microbiol 4:19-25.
- Sagripanti, J. L. (1992) Metal-based formulations with high microbicidal activity. ppl. Environ. Microbiol 58:3157-3162.
Copper Non-Sensitivity and Safety
- Borkow, G. (2012) Safety of Using Copper Oxide in Medical Devices and Consumer Products. Current Chemical Biology 6: 86-92.
- Kaneshiro B, Aeby T.(2010 Aug ) Long-term safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of the intrauterine Copper T-380A contraceptive device. Int J Womens Health. 9;2:211-20.
- Suri V, Aggarwal N, Kaur R, Chaudhary N, Ray P, Grover A. (2008 Oct) Safety of intrauterine contraceptive device (copper T 200 B) in women with cardiac disease. Contraception. 78(4):315-8.
- Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI. ( 2004) Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects. Dermatol Ther.17 (4):328-33.
- Hostynek, J. J. and H. I. Maibach. (2003) Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects--an overview. Rev.Environ.Health 18:153-183.
- Bilian X.(2002) Intrauterine devices. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Apr;16(2):155-68 .
- Cheng D. (2000) The intrauterine device: still misunderstood after all these years. South Med J. 93 (9):859-64.
Skin Enhancement Effects
- Philips N, Hwang H, Chauhan S, Leonardi D, Gonzalez S. (2010) Stimulation of cell proliferation and expression of matrixmetalloproteinase-1 and interluekin-8 genes in dermal fibroblasts by copper. Connect Tissue Res. 51(3):224-9.
- Gérard C, Bordeleau LJ, Barralet J, Doillon CJ. (2010) The stimulation of angiogenesis and collagen deposition by copper. Biomaterials. 31(5):824-31.
- Barralet J, Gbureck U, Habibovic P, Vorndran E, Gerard C, Doillon CJ. (2009 ) Angiogenesis in calcium phosphate scaffolds by inorganic copper ion release. Tissue Eng Part A. 15(7):1601-9.
- Kang YA, Choi HR, Na JI, Huh CH, Kim MJ, Youn SW, Kim KH, Park KC. (2009) Copper-GHK increases integrin expression and p63 positivity by keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 301(4):301-6.
- Pickart L. (2009) The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed.19 (8):969-88. Review.
- Ahmed, Z., B. D. Idowu, and R. A. Brown. (1999) Stabilization of fibronectin mats with micromolar concentrations of copper. Biomaterials 20:201-209.
- Simeon, A., F. Monier, H. Emonard, P. Gillery, P. Birembaut, W. Hornebeck, and F. X. Maquart. (1999) Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. J Invest Dermatol. 112:957-964
- Buffoni F, Pino R, Dal Pozzo A.(1995) Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of skin wound healing and on cultured fibroblasts. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 330(3):345-60.
- Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, Wegrowski J, Patt LM, Trachy RE, Monboisse JC, Chastang F, Birembaut P, Gillery P, et al. (1993) In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest. 92 (5):2368-76.
- Maquart, F. X., G. Bellon, B. Chaqour, J. Wegrowski, L. M. Patt, R. E. Trachy, J. C. Monboisse, F. Chastang, P. Birembaut, P. Gillery, and . (1993) In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest 92:2368-2376.
- Raju, K. S., G. Alessandri, M. Ziche, and P. M. Gullino. (1982) Ceruloplasmin, copper ions, and
angiogenesis. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 69:1183-1188.
Copper as an Essential Mineral for Humans
- Tapiero, H., D. M. Townsend, and K. D. Tew. (2003) Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed.Pharmacother. 57:386-398.
- Barceloux, D. G. (1999) Copper. J.Toxicol.Clin.Toxicol. 37:217-230.
- Uauy, R., M. Olivares, and M. Gonzalez. (1998) Essentiality of copper in humans. Am.J Clin.Nutr.
67:952S-959S. - Olivares, M. and R. Uauy. (1996) Copper as an essential nutrient. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 63:791S-796S.
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The articles above include conclusions about the antimicrobial properties of copper that do not reflect EPA product registration approvals. The conclusions reached in these articles are the opinions of the researchers and authors.